The loss of one or both of your breasts from cancer-related mastectomy can be devastating, but reconstruction surgery is available to restore the appearance of your breasts and nipples. Breast reconstruction can involve a combination of implants, transplanted tissue, and medical tattooing to achieve physically and aesthetically pleasing results.

How breast reconstruction is performed

There are two types of breast reconstruction—implant reconstruction that uses silicone or saline implants placed under your chest muscle, and autologous/flap reconstruction that uses transplanted tissue from other areas of your body to recreate your breasts.

Breast reconstruction surgery can involve one or both of these techniques, and can be done during your mastectomy or in later surgeries. Your health team will help you decide which options are best for you.

Breast implant reconstruction can be a shorter and less complex surgery, and may be a better option if you want to avoid the extra incisions and scarring from flap reconstruction. It may be difficult matching your implant with your natural breast, and implants can sometimes cause future complications. It’s not unusual to require some type of revision or implant replacement surgery after ten years or so.

Autologous/flap reconstruction can produce a more natural feeling breast, and most women won’t need any future surgeries. Flap reconstruction surgery is more involved though; it requires tissue to be transplanted from areas such as your abdomen or buttocks to your chest. This can mean more scarring and a longer recovery.

Nipple and areola reconstruction

Nipple and areola reconstruction is performed by making small incisions at the site of your nipple and building up the tissue with careful stitching. Your areolas, (the darker circular areas around your nipples), can be recreated with medical tattooing for a very convincing appearance.

Recovery after surgery

Recovery after breast reconstruction may be a significant determining factor in your decision, especially after the difficulty of undergoing breast cancer treatment and mastectomy. Breast implant reconstruction typically has a shorter recovery time compared to autologous/flap reconstruction, but your pain, discomfort, and down-time can vary. Your surgeon can help you with recovery expectations.

Costs

Breast reconstruction is usually covered by health insurance. Factors such as your area, surgeon, and any related anesthesia or facility fees may affect costs. You can speak with your health insurance provider and surgeon to learn what is covered and what your best options are.